Bioactive, Human PD-L1 Protein Dimer, Fc Tag

Human programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), is a Type I transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily and a member of the B7 Family of ligands. PD-L1 is also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274), B7 homolog 1 (B7H1, B7-H1), PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, and CD274 molecule. PD-L1 contains an extracellular domain with a distal immunoglobulin V-like (Ig-V-like) domain and proximal immunoglobulin C-like (Ig-C-like) domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. PD-L1 is expressed on T cells, NK cells, macrophages, myeloid DCs, B cells, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. PD-L1 serves as an immunosuppressive ligand for PD-1 and the overexpression of PD-L1 on many tumor cells can prevent the immune system from attacking tumors. Inhibition of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 can enhance antitumor activity, which has led to a new class of drugs called PD-1 inhibitors to activate the immune system and treat certain types of cancer. PD-L1 is highly expressed in a variety of malignancies, particularly lung cancer. PD-L1 exists as both a monomer and a dimer. Therefore, a recombinant protein mimicking the PD-L1 dimer conformation can be crucial for cancer therapeutic discovery.